The European Committee for Interoperable Systems was founded in Brussels in 1989. It played an important role in securing provisions benefitting interoperability provisions in the 1991 Software Copyright Directive, and numerous intellectual property initiatives since at European and international level. ECIS Chairman Simon Awde was already present in the early days of ECIS representing what was then Amdahl (since acquired by Fujitsu). He notes: “Much has changed since the founding of ECIS, except what ECIS stands for.”